How to change your vehicle's engine oil and filter in 6 easy steps

Changing your vehicle’s oil yourself can be both empowering and economical. While the basic process is straightforward, several additional details—like safely lifting your car, using jack stands, and applying the right torque—can make all the difference between a smooth DIY job and potential mishaps. In this guide, we’ll break down each of these elements in detail.

1. Preparing Your Workspace and Equipment

Safety First

• Level Surface: Always work on a flat, stable surface. A garage floor is ideal.
• Parking Brake & Wheel Chocks: Engage the parking brake and use wheel chocks on the wheels remaining on the ground to prevent any movement.
• Read Your Owner’s Manual: It contains vehicle-specific information including the recommended oil type, oil filter model, jacking points, and torque specifications.

Tools and Materials Checklist

• Owner’s Manual: For exact specifications.
• Hydraulic Jack: Rated for your vehicle’s weight.
• Jack Stands: Ensure they are rated appropriately; you’ll need at least two.
• Torque Wrench: For proper tightening of bolts (especially the drain plug).
• Oil Filter Wrench: To remove the oil filter.
• Socket/Wrench Set: For the drain plug.
• Oil Catch Pan, Funnel, Gloves, Safety Glasses, Rags: For cleanup and protection.
• New Engine Oil & Oil Filter: The correct type and capacity as specified in your manual.

2. How to Safely Jack Up Your Car and Use Axle Stands

Identifying the Correct Jacking Points

• Consult the Manual: Every vehicle has designated jacking points. These are reinforced areas meant to safely bear the weight of the car. They’re often marked on the vehicle’s undercarriage or described in the manual.
• General Guidelines: For many cars, the front jacking points are located near the subframe or just behind the front axle, while the rear ones are close to the differential or axle housing.

Using the Hydraulic Jack

1. Position the Jack: Slide the hydraulic jack under the designated jacking point. Ensure the jack’s saddle (the part that contacts the car) is centered on the jacking point.
2. Lifting the Car: Pump the jack steadily until the car is raised high enough to place the axle stands. Typically, you’ll want to lift the car so that the oil pan is easily accessible.
3. Double-Check Stability: Before placing axle stands, make sure the jack is steady. Never rely solely on a hydraulic jack for support.

Placing and Using Axle Stands

1. Locate Stand Placement: After lifting, identify secure points on the frame or crossmember where the axle stands should be placed. Your manual might indicate these points, but a general rule is to use locations close to the jacking points.
2. Set the Axle Stands: Carefully position the axle stands under the vehicle. Ensure that they make full contact and are not tilted or unstable.
3. Lowering the Car: Slowly lower the hydraulic jack until the car’s weight is fully supported by the axle stands. Give the stands a gentle push to ensure stability before beginning any work.

3. Draining the Old Oil

Removing the Drain Plug

• Locate the Drain Plug: Typically found on the bottom of the oil pan. Place your oil catch pan directly underneath.
• Use a Socket Wrench and Torque Wrench:
  • Initial Removal: Use a standard socket or wrench to loosen the drain plug.
  • Reinstallation: After draining, reinstall the plug. Now switch to a torque wrench to tighten it to the manufacturer’s recommended specification. Over-tightening can strip the threads, while under-tightening might cause leaks. (Many vehicles require anywhere from 25 to 35 ft-lbs, but always verify with your manual.

Allowing the Oil to Drain Completely

• Patience is Key: Let the oil drain completely for several minutes. This ensures you remove as much of the used oil as possible.

4. Changing the Oil Filter

Removing the Old Oil Filter

• Use the Oil Filter Wrench: Position the tool around the filter and turn counter-clockwise. Be aware that some oil will spill—keep rags handy.

Installing the New Oil Filter

• Prepare the New Filter: Lightly coat the rubber gasket on the new filter with a bit of fresh oil. This not only creates a better seal but also eases removal at the next oil change.
• Hand-Tighten: Screw the new filter in by hand until snug. Over-tightening is unnecessary—consult your manual for any specific instructions, though most filters should only be hand-tightened.

5. Adding New Oil: Which Oil to Use and How to Pour It

Choosing the Right Oil

• Check the Manual: Your owner’s manual is the best guide for which oil to use. It will specify:
  • Viscosity: Common choices are 5W-30 or 5W-20, depending on your engine’s design and operating conditions.
  • Type: Decide between conventional, synthetic blend, or full synthetic oil. Many modern vehicles benefit from synthetic oil due to its superior temperature stability and longevity.
• Oil Capacity: Verify the total oil capacity to avoid overfilling. This information is also found in your manual or sometimes on the oil cap under the hood.

Pouring the New Oil

1. Remove the Oil Cap: Located on top of the engine. This opens the system for easier oil flow.
2. Use a Funnel: Insert a funnel into the oil fill opening and pour in the measured amount of new oil.
3. Check the Level: After pouring, use the dipstick to confirm the level. It’s better to add a little extra than to run short, but avoid overfilling.

6. Final Steps and Clean-Up

Running the Engine and Checking for Leaks

• Start the Engine: Let it run for a couple of minutes. Monitor around the drain plug and oil filter for any signs of leaking.
• Recheck Oil Level: After turning off the engine and allowing oil to settle, check the dipstick again. Add more oil if necessary.

Proper Disposal of Used Oil

• Collect and Seal: Pour the old oil into a sealed container.
• Recycle Safely: Many auto parts stores and service centers accept used oil for recycling. Follow your local guidelines for hazardous waste disposal.

Additional Tips for a Smooth DIY Oil Change

• Documentation: Keep a log of your oil changes (date, mileage, oil type used) to track your vehicle’s maintenance schedule.
• Tool Maintenance: Regularly check your tools, especially the hydraulic jack and torque wrench, to ensure they’re in proper working order.
• When in Doubt: If any step seems uncertain, consult a professional mechanic or refer to video tutorials specific to your vehicle model.

A DIY oil change is more than just a routine maintenance task—it’s an opportunity to understand your vehicle better and save money in the process. By following these detailed instructions, from safely lifting your car with the right jacking points and axle stands to using the proper tools for tightening bolts and selecting the correct oil, you’re well on your way to becoming a more informed and capable car owner. Always prioritise safety, consult your owner’s manual, and don’t hesitate to seek professional advice if needed.